The Rohingya are a stateless ethnic group, the majority of whom are Muslim, who have lived for centuries in the majority Buddhist Myanmar.
However, Myanmar authorities contest this. They claim the Rohingya are Bengali immigrants who came to Myanmar in the 20th Century.
Prior to the military crackdown in August 2017, roughly 1.1 million Rohingya people lived in the Southeast Asian country.
Described by the United Nations in 2013 as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world, the Rohingya are denied citizenship under Myanmar law.
Due to ongoing violence and persecution, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled to neighbouring countries, either by land or by boat, over the course of many decades.
Targeted violence
Entire villages of people fled Rakhine state, Myanmar, after government military operations targeting Rohingya scaled up in August 2017.
The government response was in retaliation for a series of attacks claimed by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army against police stations and a military base.
Rohingya who have arrived in Cox's Bazar, southwestern Bangladesh, have told of homes and villages being burnt to the ground, often with entire families still locked inside.
Rohingya who have arrived in Cox's Bazar, southwestern Bangladesh, have told of homes and villages being burnt to the ground, often with entire families still locked inside.
Women and girls have been raped. Men and boys rounded up and shot. Children have been beaten to death.
In December 2017, surveys we conducted in the refugee camps found that at least 6,700 Rohingya - in the most conservative estimations - were killed by violent means in Myanmar between 25 August and 24 September 2017. At least 730 were children under five years of age
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